The quadrangular space or quadrilateral space is one of three spaces located in the posterior compartment of the arm, along with the lateral triangular space and medial triangular space. The neurovascular bundle is followed forward to its origin from the main. Quadrangular space is a clinically important anatomic space in the arm as it provides the anterior regions of the axilla a passageway to the posterior regions. Posterior humeral circumflex artery is visible entering quadrangular space at center right. The space is bounded superiorly by the teres minor muscle, inferiorly by the teres major muscle, medially by the long head of the triceps, and laterally by the humeral shaft. Quadrangular space syndrome manual therapy by osteopaths. In this article, we shall look at the applied anatomy of the nerve its anatomical course, motor functions and cutaneous innervation. Anatomy shoulder region at baylor university studyblue. This is a clinically important anatomic space in the arm. Quadrangular space syndrome manual therapy by cambridge.
Located along the posterolateral shoulder, the qs serves as a passageway for the axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery phca. Subscapular spaces intermuscular spaces in the scapular. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. What are the boundaries and contents of intermuscular spaces in the scapular region. Start studying anatomy triangular spaces and axilla. Quadrangular subscapular spaces are bound by 4 sides which are as follows. It is bounded above by subscapularis and teres minor and below by teres major. Capsule of shoulder joint between the above 2 muscles. Boundaries of the surface representation of the spaces of arm.
The main route of exit is immediately inferiorly and laterally, into the upper limb. Quadrangular space syndrome also known as quadrilateral space syndrome is an uncommon diagnosis mainly because of lack of literature on the subject and possible misdiagnosis. The axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery are in the space. Quadrangular space syndrome radiology reference article. Quadrangular space wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. The majority of contents of the axilla region leave by this method. Quadrangular space is the lateral space, labeled in green at center right. This is a gap in the posterior wall of the axilla, allowing access to the posterior arm and shoulder area. Located in the axilla, the quadrangular space is bordered superiorly by subscapularis muscle by teres minor muscle when viewed posteriorly, inferiorly by teres major muscle, laterally by the surgical neck of the humerus and medially by the long head of triceps brachii muscle. Study spaces flashcards from julia rosenthals columbia university college of physicians and surgeons class online, or in brainscapes iphone or android app. Topographical anatomy of the back listed alphabetically. The axillary nerve course motor sensory teachmeanatomy.
It transmits the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels artery and vein. Upper subscapularis muscle, lower part of capsule of shoulder joint and teres minor muscle, lower boundary by teres major muscle, medial long head of triceps muscle and. Quadrangular space they are paired, quadrangular shaped spaces seen near the axillary region. Quadrangular or quadrilateral space syndrome qss can occur secondary to various compressive pathologies. Teres major contents posterior circumflex humeral artery axillary nerve significance contents liable to injury in shoulder dislocation of fracture surgical neck of. Triangular interval boundaries contains radial nerve and profunda brachii artery long head lateral head teres major triangular space boundaries contains circumflex scapular artery teres minor teres major long head quadrangular space boundaries contains axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery teres minor teres major. The quadrilateral, or quadrangular space, is located over the posterior scapular and subdeltoid regions. A finger inserted into this space directed anteriorly will be tethered and quadrilateral space syndrome 69 meet resistance prior to removal of the fibrous bands transversing this space. Quadrangular space an overview sciencedirect topics.
Along with the deltoid, what other muscle is affected. Boundaries of the quadrangular space dqxg from before backwards a subscapularis from biology 2010 at nashville state community college. The quadrangular space is an intermuscular space through which the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels pass through backwards to encircle the surgical neck of the humerus. We shall also consider the clinical correlations of damage to the axillary nerve. The triangular interval also known as the lateral triangular space, lower triangular space, and triceps hiatus is a space found in the axilla. The space is mainly formed by the triceps muscle and the humerus.
In the quadrangular space, the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery can be compressed or damaged due to space occupying lesions or disruption in the anatomy due to trauma. Boundaries superiorly subscapularis, capsule of shoulder joint, teres minor from front to back inferiorly teres major. The boundaries include the teres minor superiorly, the long head of the triceps medially, the teres major inferiorly, and the surgical neck of the humerus laterally fig. Quadrangular space boundaries in dating a one of a kind meeting with the atf you quadrangular space boundaries in dating didnt know you had im a curvy, petite big booty funsized treat that loves to. Anatomy triangular spaces and axilla flashcards quizlet. The neurovascular bundle, consisting of the axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery, passes through the space.
The quadrangular space or quadrilateral space of velpeau or foramen humerotricipitale is an axillary space in the arm. Boundaries of the quadrangular space dqxg from before. Located along the posterolateral shoulder, the qs serves as a passageway for the axillary. It is a pathway for neurovascular structures to pass from the axilla to the posterior shoulder and arm. The axillary nerve is a major peripheral nerve of the upper limb. Emg findings are consistent with quadrilateral space syndrome. The osteopathic treatment is focused on the hypertrophy of the muscular boundaries of the quadrangular space where both or either teres minor or triceps brachii are impinging the axillary nerve and increasing the mobility of the glenohumeral joint.
The quadrangular space the quadrangular space is a hollow in the muscles of the posterior scapular region. The other two spaces are the quadrangular space and the triangular interval. The quadrilateral space is located posterior and inferior to the glenohumeral joint and contains the axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery. The axillary nerve additionally contributes articular branches to the shoulder joint itself. The material presented in these tables is contained in the book. Quadrangular space definition of quadrangular space by. The quadrilateral space is then decompressed by blunt and sharp dissection fig. Three intermuscular spaces are present in the scapular region. Bones of the hand anatomy bones, medical anatomy, human.
On physical exam the patient is noted to have weakness with external rotation. Structures passing through include the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery a branch of the axillary artery. Three important spaces of the shoulder that are bordered by the triceps include. The triangular space also known as the medial triangular space, upper triangular space, medial axillary space or foramen omotricipitale is one of the three spaces found at the axillary space. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, arm quadrangular space. There are three intermuscular spaces visible in the scapular region 1.
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